31 Shudh Raags :- Sirirag, Majh, Gawri, Asa, Gujri, Dev Gandhari, Bihagra, Vadhans Sorthi, Dhanasari, Jayasari, Todi, Bairadi, Tilang, Suhi, Bilawal, Gond, Ramkali, Nat Narayan, Mali Gowda, Maru, Tukhari, Kedara, Bhairau, Basant , Sarang, Malar, Kanra, Kalyan, Prabhati and Jayajavanti.
31 Sub Ragas
Mixed Ragas
Raag Gowdi :- Gowdi Deepki, Gowdi Purvi Deepki,
Gowdi Purvi, Gowdi Majh, Gowdi Sorath,
Raag Asa :- Asa Kafi, Asa Asawari
Raag Tilang :- Tilang Kafi
Raag Soohi :- Soohi Kafi, Soohi Lalit
Raag Gound :- Bilawal Gound
Raag Maroo :- Maroo Kafi
Raag Basant :- Basant Hindol
Raag Kaliyan :- Kaliyan Bhopali
RaagPabhati :- Pabhati Bibhas
Raag Gowdi:- Gowdi Guareri, Gowdi Cheti, Gowdi Bairagan,
Gowdi Malva, Gowdi Mala
Raag Bilawal :- Bilawal Mangal
Dhakhni Ragas:- Gaudi Dhakhni, Vadhansa Dhakhni, Bilawal Dhakhni, Ramkali Dhakhni, Maru Dhakhni, Pabhati Dhakhni
Independent raga:-
Raag Asa:- Asavari, Asavari Sudhang
Raag Devgandhari :- Devgandhar
Raag Nat Narayan :- Nat
There are a total of 31 Shudh Raags & 31 Sub Ragas (musical modes) used in the hymns of the Guru Granth Sahib, which is the central religious scripture of Sikhism. These Raags are arranged in a specific order in the Guru Granth Sahib, which is a musical scale that is said to represent the various moods and emotions of the human psyche.
Each Raag has its own unique mood, melody, and emotional impact, which the Sikh Gurus used to convey their spiritual message through their hymns. Some of the Raags used in the Guru Granth Sahib include Sri, Maajh, Gauri, Todi, and Bihagra, to name a few. The use of Raags in the Guru Granth Sahib reflects the importance of music, poetry, and cultural diversity in Sikhism, and has resulted in a unique and powerful form of devotional music that is admired and respected throughout the world.
On the last pages (1429-30) of Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, there is a ‘Raag Mala’ which has the following verses:
ਖਸਟ ਰਾਗ ਉਨਿ ਗਾਏ ਸੰਗਿ ਰਾਗਨੀ ਤੀਸ ॥
ਸਭੈ ਪੁਤ੍ਰ ਰਾਗੰਨ ਕੇ ਅਠਾਰਹ ਦਸ ਬੀਸ ॥
(The number of ragas mentioned in ‘Raag Mala’ makes a total of 84 if the entire raga family
{6 ragas (khast ragas) + 30 raganis (ragani tis) + 48 (18+10+20sons}.
Thus total ragas in Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji –
31+31+84 = 146